- World History Chapter 7 Holt
- World History Chapter 7 Vocab
- World History Chapter 7 3 Section Quiz Answers
Chapter 1 The Peopling Of The World, Prehistory. 1.1 Human Origins in Africa Assessment p.11 1.2 Humans Try to Control Nature Assessment p.18 1.3 Civilization Assessment p.23 Critical Thinking p.24 Chapter 1 Assessment p.24 Standards-Based Assessment p.25 Chapter 2 Early River Valley Civilizations 2.1 City-States in Mesopotamia Assessment p.34 2.2 Pyramids on the Nile Assessment p.41 2.3 Planned Cities on the Indus Assessment p.49 2.4 River Dynasties in China Assessment p.55 Chapter 2 Assessment p.56 Critical Thinking p.56 Standards-Based Assessment p.57 Chapter 3 People And Ideas On The Move, 2000. 3.1 The Indo-Europeans Assessment p.65 3.2 Hinduism and Buddhism Develop Assessment p.71 3.3 Seafaring Traders Assessment p.76 3.4 The Origins of Judaism Assessment p.82 Chapter 3 Assessment p.84 Critical Thinking p.84 Standards-Based Assessment p.85 Chapter 4 First Age Of Empires, 1570 Bc.
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Vocabulary: –. Plateau: – relatively high, flat land areas. Savannas: – broad grasslands dotted with small trees and shrubs. Bantu: – spoken dialects of farming people in Africa. Subsistence farming: – growing crops for personal use. Swahili: – a mixed African-Arab culture.
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Stateless Society: – a group of independent villages organized by clans and led by a local ruler or clan head. Lineage Group: – extended family, base of African society. Extended family units were in turn combined into larger communities. Matrilineal: – societies in which decent is traced through the mother. Patrilineal: – societies in which decent is traced through the father. Diviner: – people who are believed to foretell events usually by working with supernatural forces. Griots: – storytelling usually by a priest or a special class of story tellers.
People: –. Kushites: – people who conquered Egypt but still using bronze and stone weapons were kicked out by the Assyrians. King Ezana: – the Axumite ruler who was a Christian declared an invasion on Kush and conquered it. Berbers: – Nomadic people whose camel caravans became known as the fleets of the desert. Did much of the trading in the desert.
Sundiata Keita: – established Mali in the mid-thirteenth century. Defeated the Ghanaians and united the people of Mali and created a strong government. Mansa Musa: – one of the richest and powerful kings of Mali. He doubled the size of Mali and created a strong central government and divided the kingdom into provinces ruled by governors whom he appointed. Was a Muslim king and went to make pilgrimage in Makkah. Everywhere he went, he lavaged gold to his guests and hosts. Mansa Musa wanted to make Timbuktu the center of Islamic learning and culture.
He wanted to build mosques like in Cairo and Arabia and imported architects to design mosques and libraries. He also brought scholars and books to the city to study the Quran. Sunni Ali: – created a new dynasty the Sunni. Songhai began to expand.
Sunni Ali spent much of his reign on horseback and on the march as he led his army in one military campaign after another. Two of Sunni Ali’s conquests, Timbuktu and Jenne were especially important. They gave Songhai control of the trading empire, especially trade in salt and gold. Muhammad Ture: – the Songhai Empire reached its height of its power in the reign of Muhammad Ture. A military commander and a devout Muslim, he overthrew the son of Sunni Ali and seized power in 1493 creating a new dynasty which was the Askia. He continued Sunni Ali’s policy of expansion, creating an empire that stretched thousands of miles along the Nile River. He then divided Songhai into two provinces; he maintained the peace and security of his kingdom with a navy and soldiers on horseback.
After he died Songhai fell into a period of slow decline. Yoruba: – this tribe of people believed that their chief god sent his son Oduduwa down from the heaven in a canoe to create the first humans. This tribe lived in Nigeria. Ashanti: – the tribe of Ghana and believed in a supreme being called Nayme, whose sons were lesser gods, each serving a different purpose one was the rainmaker and the other was sunshine. Because Ashanti gods could not be trusted humans needed to appease them to avoid their anger.
Places: –. Great Rift Valley: – where the mountains loom over the deep canyons. Congo River: – where you find dense vegetation. Sahara and Kalahari Desert: – these two deserts are the largest deserts and make up 40 percent of Africa. Nubia: – traveled to by merchants to obtain ivory, ebony, and leopard skins. It was ruled by Egypt but became independent and became the land of Kush which became the center of trade with its capital Meroe.
Possible Questions: –. What were the main occupations of early Africans? It started off with farming and then evolved into trading. How did the introduction of Islam and Christianity affect African states? Under the religion Christianity Axum prospered for many years under the rule of a Christian king named Ezana.
But when Islam came it brought challenges to Axum. Islam caused most lands in Africa to fall into the hands of the Arabs. Muslim and Christian neighbors were relatively peaceful until the Muslims wanted to gain control of the trade inland. What were the accomplishments of the West African nation? In the kingdom of Ghana blacksmiths were accomplished by turning ore into tools and weapons. In the kingdom of Mali the emperor Mansa Musa accomplished creating Timbuktu as the center of Islam and creating mosques and scholars to teach the Quran. In the kingdom of Songhai they accomplished taking over trade of salt and gold which made the empire prosper.
How did Islam impact East Africa? Muslims began settling at the ports along the coast. They formed a string of trading ports known as Mogadishu, Mombasa, and Kilwa. How were ancestors and family important to early Africans?
World History Chapter 7 Holt
The Africans believed that their ancestors were closer to gods and if they pleased them then it would have an influence on good and bad in their lives. Family was important because identity was determined by their membership in an extended family and lineage group. What roles did storytelling and music play in African culture? African music played as a social purpose because it was used to pass on to young people information about the history of the community.
And it passed on religious traditions from generation to generation when there was an absence of writing. Story telling kept a person’s history alive throughout history. An example is Sundiata Keita whose history came to us through a griot.
What are the major geographic zones in Africa? The four major geographic zones or areas were Desert, Mild Zone, Rain Forest, and Savannah. How do the four climate zones affect daily lives? When you live in a different zone your life style is different like in the rainforest you don’t raise cattle because you don’t want to attract the tsetse. How did conquest and trade affect the people of Kush and Axum? Trade caused the kingdom of Kush to be prosperous but it also was the cause of Axum conquering it. Axum got deeply involved in an expanding conflict with the Muslim state of Adal.
How did the arrival of the camel affect trade? The arrival of the camel affected trade because even though it would take you long to travel to your destination but with camels you can carry more goods. What were Mansa Musa’s accomplishments? He created Timbuktu which was the center of Islam and had over 20,000 students studying at his mosque.
What were the key factors in Songhai’s rise to power? They took over the two places that controlled trade of gold and salt which made it prosper. How did the Bantu migration affect African culture? The Bantu’s conversion to Islam caused the creation of Swahili which was a mixed African-Arab culture.
They most likely spread iron melting techniques into Africa; this helped the trade. What do the walled enclosures tell us about Zimbabwe? It was well protected from enemies and could not be easily penetrated. Describe the role of a lineage group in African society? The lineage group was the identity of African families and was used to represent a family in an audience held by the king.
What role to ancestors plays in African religion? Africans believed that ancestors could influence the good and bad of what happened to them. What was the significance of Christianity? When Christianity was in Axum it prospered. What were Axum good that they exported? It exported ivory, aromatic trees, and slaves. Why did the kingdom of Kush decline?
Because it was in a completion with Axum and then they got invaded by Axum and was conquered. What was the relationship between King of Mali and his local governors? The king of Mali united all of Mali and created a strong government. He appointed each governor himself so he felt secure. How did the religion of Islam spread throughout Africa? It came when the merchants came and spread their religion. Then it grew as the Bantu took over the ports of trading.
What were the art by the Nok, Benin, and Yorba? They created sculptures, bronze and iron statues, but the first works of arts was the rock paintings that showed the people shifting from hunting and cattle herding to trading. Why do the people live in the rainforest not keep cattle or animals? Because of the tsetse fly which carries a sleepiness sickness. What is the official religion of Axum? It is Christianity. What made Meroe a major trading center?
It was at a well located point where a newly opened land route across the desert to the north crossed the Nile. It was also blessed with a large supply of iron ore. What were the goods that the Arabs brought to Ghana form North Africa? They brought metal goods, textile, horses, and salt. How did Mansa Musa carry on carry on the advances by Sundiata?
He doubled the size of Mali and he created a strong central government. What caused the decline of Mali?
World History Chapter 7 Vocab
Civil wars broke up after the rule of Mansa Musa. What were the dynasties that prevailed in the Songhai dynasty?
The Sunni and the Askia. What were the east African ports which were vital to the Indian Ocean trade network?
Mogadishu, Mombasa, Kilwa. IMP Notes: –. African four distinct climate zones affected the development of African civilizations. The mastery of farming gave rise to the first civilizations in Africa: Egypt, Kush and Axum. The expansion of trade led to the migration and the growth of new kingdoms.
Rulers introduced different forms of governments. Extended family units formed the basis of African culture. The arts were important in early African culture. The kingdom of Axum brought about the decline of the Kush, emerged as an independent state that combined Arab and African cultures, competed with Kush over control of the ivory trade.
Vast supplies of iron and gold helped turn Ghana into a great trading empire. The Sahara was part of the trade route for Berber camel caravans.
World History Chapter 7 3 Section Quiz Answers
Muhammad Ture divided Songhai into administrative provinces. Kilwa was one of the most magnificent port cities to grow out of the costal trade in East Africa.
Most of the peoples in the southern half of the African continent lived in stateless societies. Although early African religious beliefs varied from place to place, most African societies shared all parts of a religion EXCEPT a belief in a single god. African Griots told stories that transmitted folk legends, religious traditions, and a people’s history.